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         Folk tales, legends, songs, and proverbs used to be passed orally from generation to generation. In the 13th Century, a Chinese- influenced script called nom was developed and used thereafter to immortalize literary works. From the 15th Century on, nom literature took on a form of its own. Considered to be truly Vietnamese in nature, these works were simple and addressed the problems and injustices of the age. The many pieces composed during the nom literary movement continue to be favorites among the Vietnamese today.
      

         The arrival of the French proved to be another important market in the development of Vietnamese literature. The quoc ngu script created by Father Alexander de Rhodes in the 17th century came into more widespread use, and Viet Nam’s dependence on Chinese traditions ceased. The new script was adopted in the 1920’s and a decade later, Vietnamese literature has taken on a decidedly western tone.

Official Language: Vietnamese
Other Languages: Khmer, Montagnard, Cham, and other minority languages.

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